domingo, 14 de março de 2010

A crise económica dos anos 70

  
    A crise económica dos anos 70 deveu-se á instabilidade monetária e à crise energética.
   Os 30 anos que se seguiram à Segunda Guerra Mundial caracterizaram-se pela reconstrução e pela prosperidade, graças á ajuda financeira dos EUA. Contudo, o excesso de dinheiro que o Estado americano colocou em circulação para colmatar as despesas da recontrução e da corrida aos armamentos e para investir noutras áreas, gerou o fenómeno da inflação e, consequentemente, a estagnação económica. Em 1971, a medida do presidente Nixon, que consistiu na interrupção da convertibilidade do dólar em ouro, fez despoletar a crise.
   Para além disto, a crise de 70 foi originada pela crise energética. Com a criação da OPEP (Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo), os países produtores de petróleo tornaram-se independentes das grandes companhias petrolíferas ocidentais. Assim, em 1973, com total autonomia, a OPEP sobe o preço de venda de petróleo para o quádruplo, numa tentativa de pressionar o Ocidente a desistir de auxiliar Israel (países criado pela ONU para albergar os judeus) na guerra israelo-palestiniana.
   A crise dos anos 70 não é comparável à Grande Depressão dos anos 30, dado que a a crise de 70 se revelou menos grave, devido à menor contracção do poder de compra das populações e do comércio internacional, comparativamente à crise financeira anterior.

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